New weapon types (including laser and plasma)

Austin Berry shared this feedback 56 days ago
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i think we should get laser and plasma weapons ingame and my reasoning for this is as follows

1. We already have laser weapons in the real world already

2. We are developing feasible plasma weapons right now and it is likely already in the refinement stage of development.

If we already have these technologies before we have even setup extraplanetary colonies why don't we have them in a game that is set TEN thousand years in the future. and to head off any arguments about it not being a thing in 2082 when the almagest project departed, in the year 2025 we have such technologies, imagine what almost 60 years of maturation in these fields could produce

Replies (7)

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- Laser PCS 1x1, ball turret

- Hyper laser 8x2x2 railgun style, charge-up and a firing sequence that cuts through blocks with high damaging laser.

- Plasma turret 3x3, 5x5 and 2x5x1 static maybe

Also new production processes and materials to procure the corresponding ammo and systems.

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... and computers are in ENIAC size :-)

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Lasers are cool, but they'd definitely need some balancing. If I recall IRL a 10MW laser-emitter (powerful enough to light-saber people in half) can fit in your pocket, the focusing mirror allowing the laser to compensate for atmospheric distortion fits in the bed of a truck (1x1x2 LG at most), and the power supply in SE1 for that is less than 1 LG small reactor. Railguns in SE1 are one of the best weapons just on projectile velocity alone, if we're adding a 1x1x2 hit-scan turret then there needs to be a reason for me not to lightsaber small planets in half with 4 large-reactors worth of them mounted to the nose of my ship.


...Plasma weapons needs clarification, what do you think a plasma-weapon is?

-If its just "shoots flaming projectiles", then we've had incendiary ammo since WW1.

-If its "shoots bolts/beams of glowing ionized particles like in Halo" then physics says you'll need to be so close to your target that you can hold a grinder out the window for extra damage.

-If its "shoots a canister full of plasma that breaks/explodes on impact", then what you've got there is the standard sci-fi coat of paint over a standard explosive bullet/shell.

-And if its something else then you'll need to explain it to me.

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"10MW laser" - what is the irradiated energy of such a laser? It's nice if the instantaneous irradiated power is 10MW, but so what if the pulse lasts a few nanosecond? The important thing is always the energy imparted to the target, transferred to the target.

And nobody has cancelled the decrease in radiation intensity with the square of the distance...

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... I'm fairly certain 10MW over a few nano-seconds would blow holes in anything you ever pointed it at. A quick google-search and a bit of math says the YAL-1 was a "megawatt class laser" imparted about 40KW of inferred power on a target per second and was adequate to shoot down ballistic missiles. If we then use that to say our 10MW laser imparts 400KW/s on a target, and skip over the whole "inverse square law" bit to say it has the same range as all the other weapons because this is a laser with fancy adaptive optics in the future and not a flash-light, then we end up with a weapon that probably needs some balance-work to avoid being too overpowered.


Personally, I like the idea that it could still have ammo, not as shots expended to fire it but rather as coolant you'd need to blow through the systems (and vent from the ship) between pulses to keep it from melting. I still think it would need more to balance it though.


Also, I'd still like to know what plasma stuff Gaz thinks we're working on IRL, because sci-fi stuff becoming IRL stuff is just cool to see happen.

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I think the easiest way of balancing any sort of laser system is introducing engineering complexity (and as a result, fragility)


the original game had a mod called 2cm beam system that I think would be a perfect thing to replicate - the weapons were powerful and scaled well, but needed a significant, dedicated infrastructure to avoid cutting your own ship in half (less so for the laser as opposed to ion beam, but it's still a good representation)

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A system where you've only got fixed laser emitters and you'd need to route the beams through the ship in to turrets with lenses to use it? That would be an interesting idea, but I don't know that it would be enough, you'd still end up with people swinging gigawatt sized hit-scan weapons around.

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About the YAL-1 device (I deliberately don't write "weapon") - I'm not sure if there has ever been a real test of the device against an imitation ballistic warhead.

Additionally - the YAL-1 is a chemical laser -> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_oxygen_iodine_laser


The " Peresvet" may be a gas-dynamic CO2 laser https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-dioxide_laser - the Russians have done quite a bit of experimentation with it...


The essential point is that both types require a "charge", a physical material that is consumed when the weapon is "fired". So such a weapon is not powered by electricity - that is only for ancillary purposes.


About laser cutting machines - you will have noticed that the distance between the cutting head and the material to be cut is very small - a few centimetres, often only a few millimetres. At larger distances (tens of centimeters to meters) the device no longer cuts at all... This is just a consequence of the "law of inverse squares".

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Teal wrote : "A system where you've only got fixed laser emitters and you'd need to route the beams through the ship in to turrets with lenses to use it?"

This is a crucial thing!

The optical head is just the last piece of equipment (and dimensionally the smallest). The laser beam generators and the optical paths from the generators to the head are many times larger.

A good example is the laser communication station from SE1 - it contains an optical head, with a large grid block underneath. The laser gun in SE2 should be similarly arranged. Only the block under the optical head would have to be many times larger - for an idea in SE1 scale, it could be a 1x3x3 or better 2x3x4 blocks (= 9-24blocks), and the head block would have to be attached directly to the generator block. Or connected by an "optical path" block for deeper coverage in the armor. But the generator must always be as close as possible to the optical head.


This could also be done as a " stack" - the generators (for example a block 1x1x3 or 1x1x4) would provide power (for example, when powering 1MW, they would provide 50kJ of energy per pulse/shot) and could be stacked linearly or in a cube or block.

An optical head (according to SE1) with a 1x1x1 block would itself function as a communications station, and when connected to the generator blocks as a weapon. The optical path blocks would reduce the power/energy transported from the generators to the optical head. All devices would require cooling.


As I studied the information on the YAL-1, one iántersting thing caught my eye - it wasn't just one laser. Along with the combat laser, there was a laser locator (lidar) and a precision laser rangefinder in the device.

=> https://www.secretprojects.co.uk/threads/boeing-yal-1-airborne-laser-testbed.4526/ and other

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Just for fun and sci-fi, assume aether drag is real, and that scaled up photonic toroidal vortices are a possibility. Create a pulsed energy weapon using toroidal sub-light energy beams that will disrupt matter on contact. Sent in a series of high velocity 'doughnut' like energy packets, that streak across space, from an emitter canon. The system would be backed up by sets of tesla coils, tapped photon multipliers, an AC storage capacitor/inductors charged via giant DC to AC motor generator converter, and a hybrid cylindrical optical resonator, with light wave EM guide coils.

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@Semtex

"I'm not sure if there has ever been a real test of the device against an imitation ballistic warhead."

Two successful tests in 2010, and it was meant to be used on a missile during the boost phase, not the missile's payload.


"...the YAL-1 is a chemical laser..."

The power-supply for a 10MW electric laser IRL is huge and not a practical to move about. Fortunately, people in the SE universe seem to have developed very small nuclear reactors that would suffice.


"About laser cutting machines - you will have noticed that the distance between the cutting head and the material to be cut is very small..."

I'd have serious safety concerns about anyone that wanted their laser-cutting equipment calibrated (or modified) to cut things from across the room. We have ship-mounted laser-weapons now, they aren't great, we're still improving them and working out the bugs, but they currently work at several kilometer's range thanks to a big fancy adaptive optic that distorts the beam in such a way so as to turn the air itself in to the laser's last focusing lens. I may not be able to write my name in size 4 font with one on something from that range, but with megawatts of power I can absolutely burn a basketball-sized hole in a target.


"The optical head is just the last piece of equipment..."

I'm not opposed to this sort of engineering, I just didn't think it adequate by itself to balance what could easily become the infinity+1 gun with hit-scan projectiles.


@Deon Beauchamp

...That sounds complicated, and large enough to possibly not result in an improvised death-star laser being mounted to every large-grid anyone ever builds, and its not hit-scan... that might just do it :)

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@Teal

The Falcon 9 space launch vehicle typically reaches Mach 1 speeds at an altitude of 8km, Mach 2 speeds at ~18-20km and Mach 3 speeds at around 30km. Combat solid-fuel ballistic missiles launch more vigorously, Solid-fueled Minuteman III reaching Mach 1 at ~2.5km and Mach 3 at ~12km.

So, depending on the type of target missile, the YAL-1 has operated against targets at no more than 1km/s in tests...

This means, among other things, that the accuracy of the laser head homing on the target and the accuracy of the tracking speed had to be better than one arc second. Definitely not bad....


It also means that - with a properly focused laser beam, you could write your name with a filigree - one arc second is about 1/20th of a mm or 0.05mm in distance at 10 meters. ;)


...The power-supply for a 10MW electric laser IRL is huge and not a practical to move about. Fortunately, people in the SE universe seem to have developed very small nuclear reactors that would suffice.


Yes and no.

The problem seems to be understanding the relationship between "power" and "energy and time".

A 10 MW reactor produces 10 MJ of energy in one second.

How does one calculate the power of a laser? Most large lasers operate in pulsed mode - they charge (pump) for a period of time, collect energy, and then radiate the collected energy in a short pulse.

And here's the problem: the shorter the time pulse, the greater the laser's instantaneous power. But the emitted energy (and the energy that hits the target) is the same.

So what does "10MW laser" mean? The power input of a 10 MW? 10 MW instantaneous power? With a pulse shorter than a microsecond, it's not the same thing at all.

The values of an industrial laser don't help us much - it's a continuously operating machine, so for it the two values are more or less equivalent.

So it would be better to talk about radiated energy... But then it often doesn't look impressive at all, the values are hundreds or thousands of joules - and to a layman it doesn't look like much...


The second thing has to do with the pulsed mode of a laser, especially an "electric" one: we need an "environment" or facility where the 10 MJ of energy produced by a 10MW reactor in one second is collected, stored - and then released in a small fraction of a second to create a pulse. Probably some kind of electrical capacitors... Although there are methods of charging (pumping) a laser at a much deeper physical level...

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This

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@Semtex Even if we assume our 10MW laser is only putting 500KW/s on target, that would still be a considerable amount of power, especially given people's willingness to spam so many turrets it looks like they're flying an x-mas tree.


I like lasers, they're cool (unless they just fired, in which case they're probably very hot), but the ability to dump multiple large-reactors worth of power in to a target with a hit-scan weapon would be a major balance issue.

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@Tael - forgive me - but I don't understand the meaning of the "kW/s" unit.

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Kilowats per Second. I'd use joules, but I've always seen time specified separately from energy to keep people from accidentally doing things with math or english that confuse people, so I have a hard time thinking in joules.

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I understand the notation, but what is the physical meaning?

kW * s = energy [kJ], but kW/s?

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Local english reads the backslash as the word "per", such that KW/s would be kilowatts per second, m/s would be meters per second, L/H would be liters per hour, ect...

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1KW/s = 1KJ

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1W = 1J/s

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If there are laser weapons, they absolutely must travel at the speed of light. Otherwise, all pretenses of realistic physics goes out the window. Massive balances would be needed to compensate for this. I'm not strictly opposed to laser weapons, but they gotta be done within physical reason. Laser beams traveling at even 1000 m/s is just laughably silly. And the idea of a plasma weapon in space is even more silly. The plasma beam would immediately just disperse, considering its high energy. In atmosphere, maybe, if you shoot a laser at the target to superheat the air into plasma. You could then theoretically send an electric current through the plasma. But at that point, its just a laser gun with extra steps. A laser that powerful would melt pretty much anything at that point.


TLDR: laser guns are too ridiculously op without some form of significant gameplay nerf, plasma gun doesn't make any sense/

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Because of the iconic StarWars franchise and Turbolasers :))))

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To avoid totally jumping the gun in terms of game balance at the very least, we could have two flavours of laser:

  • Beam lasers, which direct a constant, relatively low power beam - this would be useful in a point-defence role, being able to shoot down missiles with pinpoint precision when held on target, but wouldn't be able to damage much more than maybe a small light armour block in any reasonable time frame.
  • Pulse lasers, which require a moment to charge a capacitor before firing a high powered beam very briefly. Maybe the capacitor could be adjustable, allowing much higher power shots in exchange for longer charge times, or vice-versa, but this would make for a precision weapon that does not penetrate, unlike a railgun. Good for damaging surface targets.

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Good point.

And leads to the question of what is the mechanism of target damage when hit by a laser, what exactly happens at the point of impact...

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More seriously: How deeply does "optical" radiation penetrate an opaque material?

It has to be "optical" radiation, i.e. radiation in wavelengths that allow the use of lenses and optical fibers, and not, for example, penetrating roentgen radiation, where only special mirrors with very small reflection angles can be used (that's why one can construct a roentgen telescope, but not a roentgen "searchlight").

This is a crucial question.


Note that all real laser weapons are designed to operate against "thin-walled" structures.

Why? Because the laser hit causes a thin layer of the target's material to vaporize - this layer turns into a high-temperature gas, and the density of this vaporized material is the same as the density of the solid material (i.e., units of grams per cubic centimeter). This density and temperature is then matched by the pressure in this thin layer...

The thickness of this evaporated layer depends on the depth of penetration of the radiation during the duration of the pulse - thus the depth of penetration into the solid material plays a role, but also the "transparency" of the evaporated material. That's why I asked this question at the beginning...

I hadn't counted it, but conventional explosives are certainly sadly shamed in the corner...

So what happens at the point of impact corresponds most closely to the explosion of a thin layer of brizant explosive, even though it's a physical explosion, not a chemical explosion.

So the vaporized material is a gas with a very high pressure (GPa?) and temperature (several thousand °C) - it expands and exerts a compressive force on the unvaporized material (we can neglect heat conduction, this action is too fast). Understandably - no material with a thickness comparable to that of the evaporated layer can withstand such a compressive stress - and the gas pressure will tear it apart.

In the SE game, blocks of armour are up to several metres thick... It's not a compact armor though, more like a multi-layered heterogeneous structure. How will such a structure behave when hit by a laser beam?

My guess is that the effect will be similar to being hit by an explosive grenade that explodes on the outer surface of the block...

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

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Have you looked at the types of damage caused by the 'Hutchison effect'?

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It's worth noting that armour in SE and SE2 isn't a solid block of metal - light armour is essentially just steel sheets welded together to form the faces, and heavy armour is the same but with a lattice of more sheets inside.

Going by SE1's material costs, a single small ship light armour block uses one steel plate, and a large grid light armour block uses 25 plates; this is in line with the surface area of the side of a large block being 5x5 small blocks. Given the armour blocks have the same mass as the plates used to build them, there's no material loss involved here, so one plate is somehow being turned into six faces. Let's assume we're just cutting it thinner.

Steel plates have a known mass of 20kg, and we have a safe guess that they're 50x50cm wide, so going by an average density of 7.85 g/cm³, we get a thickness of about 10mm. Divided by 6, this is a thickness per face of about 1.6mm. That's... not a lot of material to ablate away, to be honest. It would still take time, mind - pulse lasers would also outperform continuous beams against armour due to the cloud of vapourised material dissipating the beam.

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Auhrii - that's also a good question - how transparent is the vaporized metal (i.e. gas) to the laser beam? One has to keep in mind that it is a very dense material - in the first microseconds and milliseconds it has virtually the same density as the metal itself...

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I think that, if they add lasers, they should be mainly for point defense, with the exception of large lasers that require a high charge-up time but are basically artillery, cutting holes in ships. The point defense ones would be great against small ships/boarders/missiles, and the large one would require a large cost, meaning that ships would likely need to be specialized in using it (and it'd be obvious they had one).


As for plasma, I don't really have a great idea for implementation. The two that come to mind are either explosive or penetrative. For example, in Warhammer, they tend to be a bit of both, causing an HE explosion at the point of contact (similar to a missile, except it can't really be shot down and is faster). In other media, the plasma weapons are really good at destroying armor, and penetrate really well (good for shooting components, not necessarily good at damage). I could definitely see either of them having an interesting implementation (as end-game or high-tier weapons).


Some other peeps talk a bit about real life scenarios, but as I don't really know that, I'll just say to stick with what's fun.


One other person mentioned them being a new weapon type, also, as an alternative to gatling guns and such, which I think is interesting. They'd definitely need to be somewhat expensive to justify using them, though, as otherwise using a weapon which just requires energy (and no magnesium, assuming they use that in SE2) is always more valuable than having to make ammo (requires mining, assembling, and cargo connections, versus lasers just needing power and initial cost).

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